// 
// RedundantAssignmentIssue.cs
// 
// Author:
//      Mansheng Yang <lightyang0@gmail.com>
// 
// Copyright (c) 2012 Mansheng Yang <lightyang0@gmail.com>
// 
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using ICSharpCode.NRefactory.Semantics;

namespace ICSharpCode.NRefactory.CSharp.Refactoring
{
	[IssueDescription ("Redundant assignment",
					   Description = "Value assigned to a variable or parameter is not used in all execution path.",
					   Category = IssueCategories.CodeQualityIssues,
					   Severity = Severity.Warning,
					   IssueMarker = IssueMarker.GrayOut)]
	public class RedundantAssignmentIssue : ICodeIssueProvider
	{
		public IEnumerable<CodeIssue> GetIssues (BaseRefactoringContext context)
		{
			var unit = context.RootNode as SyntaxTree;
			if (unit == null)
				return Enumerable.Empty<CodeIssue> ();
			return new GatherVisitor (context).GetIssues ();
		}

		class GatherVisitor : GatherVisitorBase
		{
			public GatherVisitor (BaseRefactoringContext ctx)
				: base (ctx)
			{
			}

			public override void VisitParameterDeclaration (ParameterDeclaration parameterDeclaration)
			{
				base.VisitParameterDeclaration (parameterDeclaration);
				if (parameterDeclaration.ParameterModifier == ParameterModifier.Out ||
					parameterDeclaration.ParameterModifier == ParameterModifier.Ref)
					return;

				var resolveResult = ctx.Resolve (parameterDeclaration) as LocalResolveResult;
				BlockStatement rootStatement = null;
				if (parameterDeclaration.Parent is MethodDeclaration) {
					rootStatement = ((MethodDeclaration)parameterDeclaration.Parent).Body;
				} else if (parameterDeclaration.Parent is AnonymousMethodExpression) {
					rootStatement = ((AnonymousMethodExpression)parameterDeclaration.Parent).Body;
				} else if (parameterDeclaration.Parent is LambdaExpression) {
					rootStatement = ((LambdaExpression)parameterDeclaration.Parent).Body as BlockStatement;
				}
				CollectIssues (parameterDeclaration, rootStatement, resolveResult);
			}

			public override void VisitVariableInitializer(VariableInitializer variableInitializer)
			{
				base.VisitVariableInitializer(variableInitializer);
				if (!inUsingStatementResourceAcquisition) {
					var resolveResult = ctx.Resolve(variableInitializer) as LocalResolveResult;
					CollectIssues(variableInitializer, variableInitializer.GetParent<BlockStatement>(), resolveResult);
				}
			}

			bool inUsingStatementResourceAcquisition;

			public override void VisitUsingStatement(UsingStatement usingStatement)
			{
				inUsingStatementResourceAcquisition = true;
				usingStatement.ResourceAcquisition.AcceptVisitor (this);
				inUsingStatementResourceAcquisition = false;
				usingStatement.EmbeddedStatement.AcceptVisitor (this);
			}

			void CollectIssues (AstNode variableDecl, BlockStatement rootStatement, LocalResolveResult resolveResult)
			{
				if (rootStatement == null || resolveResult == null)
					return;

				var references = new HashSet<AstNode> ();
				var refStatements = new HashSet<Statement> ();
				var usedInLambda = false;
				var results = ctx.FindReferences (rootStatement, resolveResult.Variable);
				foreach (var result in results) {
					var node = result.Node;
					if (node == variableDecl)
						continue;

					var parent = node.Parent;
					while (!(parent == null || parent is Statement || parent is LambdaExpression))
						parent = parent.Parent;
					if (parent == null)
						continue;

					var statement = parent as Statement;
					if (statement != null) {
						references.Add (node);
						refStatements.Add (statement);
					}

					while (parent != null && parent != rootStatement) {
						if (parent is LambdaExpression || parent is AnonymousMethodExpression) {
							usedInLambda = true;
							break;
						}
						parent = parent.Parent;
					}
					if (usedInLambda) {
						break;
					}
				}

				// stop analyzing if the variable is used in any lambda expression or anonymous method
				if (usedInLambda)
					return;

				var startNode = new VariableReferenceGraphBuilder (ctx).Build (rootStatement, references, refStatements, ctx);
				var variableInitializer = variableDecl as VariableInitializer;
				if (variableInitializer != null && !variableInitializer.Initializer.IsNull)
					startNode.References.Insert (0, variableInitializer);

				ProcessNodes (startNode);
			}

			class SearchInvocationsVisitor  : DepthFirstAstVisitor
			{
				bool foundInvocations;

				public bool ContainsInvocations(AstNode node)
				{
					foundInvocations = false;
					node.AcceptVisitor (this);
					return foundInvocations;
				}

				protected override void VisitChildren (AstNode node)
				{
					AstNode next;
					for (var child = node.FirstChild; child != null && !foundInvocations; child = next) {
						next = child.NextSibling;
						child.AcceptVisitor (this);
					}
				}

				public override void VisitInvocationExpression(InvocationExpression invocationExpression)
				{
					foundInvocations = true;
				}
			}

			void AddIssue (AstNode node)
			{
				var title = ctx.TranslateString ("Remove redundant assignment");

				var variableInitializer = node as VariableInitializer;
				if (variableInitializer != null) {
					if (new SearchInvocationsVisitor ().ContainsInvocations (variableInitializer.Initializer))
						return;
					AddIssue (variableInitializer.Initializer, title,
						script => {
							var replacement = (VariableInitializer)node.Clone ();
							replacement.Initializer = Expression.Null;
							script.Replace (node, replacement);
						});
				}

				var assignmentExpr = node.Parent as AssignmentExpression;
				if (assignmentExpr == null)
					return;
				if (assignmentExpr.Parent is ExpressionStatement) {
					AddIssue (assignmentExpr.Parent, title, script => script.Remove (assignmentExpr.Parent));
				} else {
					AddIssue (assignmentExpr.Left.StartLocation, assignmentExpr.OperatorToken.EndLocation, title, 
						script => script.Replace (assignmentExpr, assignmentExpr.Right.Clone ()));
				}
			}

			static bool IsAssignment (AstNode node)
			{
				if (node is VariableInitializer)
					return true;

				var assignmentExpr = node.Parent as AssignmentExpression;
				if (assignmentExpr != null)
					return assignmentExpr.Left == node && assignmentExpr.Operator == AssignmentOperatorType.Assign;

				var direction = node.Parent as DirectionExpression;
				if (direction != null)
					return direction.FieldDirection == FieldDirection.Out && direction.Expression == node;

				return false;
			}

			static bool IsInsideTryBlock (AstNode node)
			{
				var tryCatchStatement = node.GetParent<TryCatchStatement> ();
				if (tryCatchStatement == null)
					return false;
				return tryCatchStatement.TryBlock.Contains (node.StartLocation.Line,node.StartLocation.Column);
			}

			enum NodeState
			{
				None,
				UsageReachable,
				UsageUnreachable,
				Processing,
			}

			void ProcessNodes (VariableReferenceNode startNode)
			{
				// node state of a node indicates whether it is possible for an upstream node to reach any usage via
				// the node
				var nodeStates = new Dictionary<VariableReferenceNode, NodeState> ();
				var assignments = new List<VariableReferenceNode> ();

				// dfs to preprocess all nodes and find nodes which end with assignment
				var stack = new Stack<VariableReferenceNode> ();
				stack.Push (startNode);
				while (stack.Count > 0) {
					var node = stack.Pop ();
					if (node.References.Count > 0) {
						nodeStates [node] = IsAssignment (node.References [0]) ?
							NodeState.UsageUnreachable : NodeState.UsageReachable;
					} else {
						nodeStates [node] = NodeState.None;
					}

					// find indices of all assignments in node.References
					var assignmentIndices = new List<int> ();
					for (int i = 0; i < node.References.Count; i++) {
						if (IsAssignment (node.References [i]))
							assignmentIndices.Add (i);
					}
					// for two consecutive assignments, the first one is redundant
					for (int i = 0; i < assignmentIndices.Count - 1; i++) {
						var index1 = assignmentIndices [i];
						var index2 = assignmentIndices [i + 1];
						if (index1 + 1 == index2)
							AddIssue (node.References [index1]);
					}
					// if the node ends with an assignment, add it to assignments so as to check if it is redundant
					// later
					if (assignmentIndices.Count > 0 &&
						assignmentIndices [assignmentIndices.Count - 1] == node.References.Count - 1)
						assignments.Add (node);

					foreach (var nextNode in node.NextNodes) {
						if (!nodeStates.ContainsKey (nextNode))
							stack.Push (nextNode);
					}
				}

				foreach (var node in assignments) {
					// we do not analyze an assignment inside a try block as it can jump to any catch block or finally block
					if (IsInsideTryBlock(node.References[0]))
						continue;
					ProcessNode(node, true, nodeStates);
				}
			}

			void ProcessNode (VariableReferenceNode node, bool addIssue,
				IDictionary<VariableReferenceNode, NodeState> nodeStates)
			{
				if (nodeStates [node] == NodeState.None)
					nodeStates [node] = NodeState.Processing;

				bool? reachable = false;
				foreach (var nextNode in node.NextNodes) {
					if (nodeStates [nextNode] == NodeState.None)
						ProcessNode (nextNode, false, nodeStates);

					if (nodeStates [nextNode] == NodeState.UsageReachable) {
						reachable = true;
						break;
					}
					// downstream nodes are not fully processed (e.g. due to loop), there is no enough info to
					// determine the node state
					if (nodeStates [nextNode] != NodeState.UsageUnreachable)
						reachable = null;
				}

				// add issue if it is not possible to reach any usage via NextNodes
				if (addIssue && reachable == false)
					AddIssue (node.References [node.References.Count - 1]);

				if (nodeStates [node] != NodeState.Processing) 
					return;

				switch (reachable) {
					case null:
						nodeStates [node] = NodeState.None;
						break;
					case true:
						nodeStates [node] = NodeState.UsageReachable;
						break;
					case false:
						nodeStates [node] = NodeState.UsageUnreachable;
						break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}