ILSpy/ICSharpCode.Decompiler/CSharp/Transforms/ConvertConstructorCallIntoInitializer.cs

// Copyright (c) 2011 AlphaSierraPapa for the SharpDevelop Team
// 
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
// software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
// without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
// publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons
// to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
// substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
// INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using ICSharpCode.Decompiler.CSharp.Syntax;
using ICSharpCode.Decompiler.CSharp.Syntax.PatternMatching;
using ICSharpCode.Decompiler.TypeSystem;
using Mono.Cecil;

namespace ICSharpCode.Decompiler.CSharp.Transforms
{
	/// <summary>
	/// If the first element of a constructor is a chained constructor call, convert it into a constructor initializer.
	/// </summary>
	public class ConvertConstructorCallIntoInitializer : IAstTransform
	{
		public void Run(AstNode node, TransformContext context)
		{
			var visitor = new ConvertConstructorCallIntoInitializerVisitor(context);
			
			// If we're viewing some set of members (fields are direct children of SyntaxTree),
			// we also need to handle those:
			visitor.HandleInstanceFieldInitializers(node.Children);
			visitor.HandleStaticFieldInitializers(node.Children);
			
			node.AcceptVisitor(visitor);

			visitor.RemoveSingleEmptyConstructor(node.Children, context.DecompiledTypeDefinition);
		}
	}
	
	sealed class ConvertConstructorCallIntoInitializerVisitor : DepthFirstAstVisitor
	{
		readonly TransformContext context;
		
		public ConvertConstructorCallIntoInitializerVisitor(TransformContext context)
		{
			Debug.Assert(context != null);
			this.context = context;
		}
		
		public override void VisitConstructorDeclaration(ConstructorDeclaration constructorDeclaration)
		{
			ExpressionStatement stmt = constructorDeclaration.Body.Statements.FirstOrDefault() as ExpressionStatement;
			if (stmt == null)
				return;
			InvocationExpression invocation = stmt.Expression as InvocationExpression;
			if (invocation == null)
				return;
			MemberReferenceExpression mre = invocation.Target as MemberReferenceExpression;
			if (mre != null && mre.MemberName == ".ctor") {
				ConstructorInitializer ci = new ConstructorInitializer();
				if (mre.Target is ThisReferenceExpression)
					ci.ConstructorInitializerType = ConstructorInitializerType.This;
				else if (mre.Target is BaseReferenceExpression)
					ci.ConstructorInitializerType = ConstructorInitializerType.Base;
				else
					return;
				// Move arguments from invocation to initializer:
				invocation.Arguments.MoveTo(ci.Arguments);
				// Add the initializer: (unless it is the default 'base()')
				if (!(ci.ConstructorInitializerType == ConstructorInitializerType.Base && ci.Arguments.Count == 0))
					constructorDeclaration.Initializer = ci.CopyAnnotationsFrom(invocation);
				// Remove the statement:
				stmt.Remove();
			}
		}
		
		static readonly ExpressionStatement fieldInitializerPattern = new ExpressionStatement {
			Expression = new AssignmentExpression {
				Left = new Choice {
					new NamedNode("fieldAccess", new MemberReferenceExpression {
										 Target = new ThisReferenceExpression(),
										 MemberName = Pattern.AnyString
									 }),
					new NamedNode("fieldAccess", new IdentifierExpression(Pattern.AnyString))
				},
				Operator = AssignmentOperatorType.Assign,
				Right = new AnyNode("initializer")
			}
		};
		
		static readonly AstNode thisCallPattern = new ExpressionStatement(new InvocationExpression(new MemberReferenceExpression(new ThisReferenceExpression(), ".ctor"), new Repeat(new AnyNode())));
		
		public override void VisitTypeDeclaration(TypeDeclaration typeDeclaration)
		{
			// Handle initializers on instance fields
			HandleInstanceFieldInitializers(typeDeclaration.Members);
			
			// Now convert base constructor calls to initializers:
			base.VisitTypeDeclaration(typeDeclaration);
			
			// Remove single empty constructor:
			RemoveSingleEmptyConstructor(typeDeclaration.Members, (ITypeDefinition)typeDeclaration.GetSymbol());
			
			// Handle initializers on static fields:
			HandleStaticFieldInitializers(typeDeclaration.Members);
		}
		
		internal void HandleInstanceFieldInitializers(IEnumerable<AstNode> members)
		{
			var instanceCtors = members.OfType<ConstructorDeclaration>().Where(c => (c.Modifiers & Modifiers.Static) == 0).ToArray();
			var instanceCtorsNotChainingWithThis = instanceCtors.Where(ctor => !thisCallPattern.IsMatch(ctor.Body.Statements.FirstOrDefault())).ToArray();
			if (instanceCtorsNotChainingWithThis.Length > 0) {
				var ctorMethodDef = instanceCtorsNotChainingWithThis[0].GetSymbol() as IMethod;
				if (ctorMethodDef != null && ctorMethodDef.DeclaringType.IsReferenceType == false)
					return;
				
				// Recognize field or property initializers:
				// Translate first statement in all ctors (if all ctors have the same statement) into an initializer.
				bool allSame;
				do {
					Match m = fieldInitializerPattern.Match(instanceCtorsNotChainingWithThis[0].Body.FirstOrDefault());
					if (!m.Success)
						break;
					IMember fieldOrPropertyOrEvent = (m.Get<AstNode>("fieldAccess").Single().GetSymbol() as IMember)?.MemberDefinition;
					if (!(fieldOrPropertyOrEvent is IField) && !(fieldOrPropertyOrEvent is IProperty) && !(fieldOrPropertyOrEvent is IEvent))
						break;
					AstNode fieldOrPropertyOrEventDecl = members.FirstOrDefault(f => f.GetSymbol() == fieldOrPropertyOrEvent);
					// Cannot transform if member is not found or if it is a custom event.
					if (fieldOrPropertyOrEventDecl == null || fieldOrPropertyOrEventDecl is CustomEventDeclaration)
						break;
					Expression initializer = m.Get<Expression>("initializer").Single();
					// 'this'/'base' cannot be used in initializers
					if (initializer.DescendantsAndSelf.Any(n => n is ThisReferenceExpression || n is BaseReferenceExpression))
						break;
					
					allSame = true;
					for (int i = 1; i < instanceCtorsNotChainingWithThis.Length; i++) {
						var otherMatch = fieldInitializerPattern.Match(instanceCtorsNotChainingWithThis[i].Body.FirstOrDefault());
						if (!otherMatch.Success) {
							allSame = false;
							break;
						}
						var otherMember = (otherMatch.Get<AstNode>("fieldAccess").Single().GetSymbol() as IMember)?.MemberDefinition;
						if (!otherMember.Equals(fieldOrPropertyOrEvent))
							allSame = false;
						if (!initializer.IsMatch(otherMatch.Get<AstNode>("initializer").Single()))
							allSame = false;
					}
					if (allSame) {
						foreach (var ctor in instanceCtorsNotChainingWithThis)
							ctor.Body.First().Remove();
						if (fieldOrPropertyOrEventDecl is PropertyDeclaration pd) {
							pd.Initializer = initializer.Detach();
						} else {
							fieldOrPropertyOrEventDecl.GetChildrenByRole(Roles.Variable).Single().Initializer = initializer.Detach();
						}
					}
				} while (allSame);
			}
		}

		internal void RemoveSingleEmptyConstructor(IEnumerable<AstNode> members, ITypeDefinition contextTypeDefinition)
		{
			if (contextTypeDefinition == null) return;
			var instanceCtors = members.OfType<ConstructorDeclaration>().Where(c => (c.Modifiers & Modifiers.Static) == 0).ToArray();
			if (instanceCtors.Length == 1 && (members.Skip(1).Any() || instanceCtors[0].Parent is TypeDeclaration)) {
				ConstructorDeclaration emptyCtor = new ConstructorDeclaration();
				emptyCtor.Modifiers = contextTypeDefinition.IsAbstract ? Modifiers.Protected : Modifiers.Public;
				emptyCtor.Body = new BlockStatement();
				if (emptyCtor.IsMatch(instanceCtors[0]))
					instanceCtors[0].Remove();
			}
		}
		
		internal void HandleStaticFieldInitializers(IEnumerable<AstNode> members)
		{
			// Translate static constructor into field initializers if the class is BeforeFieldInit
			var staticCtor = members.OfType<ConstructorDeclaration>().FirstOrDefault(c => (c.Modifiers & Modifiers.Static) == Modifiers.Static);
			if (staticCtor != null) {
				IMethod ctorMethod = staticCtor.GetSymbol() as IMethod;
				MethodDefinition ctorMethodDef = context.TypeSystem.GetCecil(ctorMethod) as MethodDefinition;
				if (ctorMethodDef != null && ctorMethodDef.DeclaringType.IsBeforeFieldInit) {
					while (true) {
						ExpressionStatement es = staticCtor.Body.Statements.FirstOrDefault() as ExpressionStatement;
						if (es == null)
							break;
						AssignmentExpression assignment = es.Expression as AssignmentExpression;
						if (assignment == null || assignment.Operator != AssignmentOperatorType.Assign)
							break;
						IMember fieldOrProperty = (assignment.Left.GetSymbol() as IMember)?.MemberDefinition;
						if (!(fieldOrProperty is IField || fieldOrProperty is IProperty) || !fieldOrProperty.IsStatic)
							break;
						AstNode fieldOrPropertyDecl = members.FirstOrDefault(f => f.GetSymbol() == fieldOrProperty);
						if (fieldOrPropertyDecl == null)
							break;
						if (fieldOrPropertyDecl is FieldDeclaration fd)
							fd.Variables.Single().Initializer = assignment.Right.Detach();
						else if (fieldOrPropertyDecl is PropertyDeclaration pd)
							pd.Initializer = assignment.Right.Detach();
						else
							break;
						es.Remove();
					}
					if (staticCtor.Body.Statements.Count == 0)
						staticCtor.Remove();
				}
			}
		}
	}
}