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ILSpy/ICSharpCode.Decompiler/CSharp/Resolver/CSharpConversions.cs

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// Copyright (c) 2010-2013 AlphaSierraPapa for the SharpDevelop Team
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
// software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
// without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
// publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons
// to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
// substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
// INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using ICSharpCode.Decompiler.Semantics;
using ICSharpCode.Decompiler.TypeSystem;
using ICSharpCode.Decompiler.Util;
namespace ICSharpCode.Decompiler.CSharp.Resolver
{
/// <summary>
/// Contains logic that determines whether an implicit conversion exists between two types.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// This class is thread-safe.
/// </remarks>
public sealed class CSharpConversions
{
readonly ConcurrentDictionary<TypePair, Conversion> implicitConversionCache = new ConcurrentDictionary<TypePair, Conversion>();
readonly ICompilation compilation;
readonly IType objectType;
public CSharpConversions(ICompilation compilation)
{
if (compilation == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("compilation");
this.compilation = compilation;
this.objectType = compilation.FindType(KnownTypeCode.Object);
this.dynamicErasure = new DynamicErasure(this);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the Conversions instance for the specified <see cref="ICompilation"/>.
/// This will make use of the context's cache manager to reuse the Conversions instance.
/// </summary>
public static CSharpConversions Get(ICompilation compilation)
{
if (compilation == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("compilation");
CacheManager cache = compilation.CacheManager;
CSharpConversions operators = (CSharpConversions)cache.GetShared(typeof(CSharpConversions));
if (operators == null) {
operators = (CSharpConversions)cache.GetOrAddShared(typeof(CSharpConversions), new CSharpConversions(compilation));
}
return operators;
}
#region TypePair (for caching)
struct TypePair : IEquatable<TypePair>
{
public readonly IType FromType;
public readonly IType ToType;
public TypePair(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
Debug.Assert(fromType != null && toType != null);
this.FromType = fromType;
this.ToType = toType;
}
public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
return (obj is TypePair) && Equals((TypePair)obj);
}
public bool Equals(TypePair other)
{
return object.Equals(this.FromType, other.FromType) && object.Equals(this.ToType, other.ToType);
}
public override int GetHashCode()
{
unchecked {
return 1000000007 * FromType.GetHashCode() + 1000000009 * ToType.GetHashCode();
}
}
}
#endregion
#region ImplicitConversion
private Conversion ImplicitConversion(ResolveResult resolveResult, IType toType, bool allowUserDefined)
{
Conversion c;
if (resolveResult.IsCompileTimeConstant) {
c = ImplicitEnumerationConversion(resolveResult, toType);
if (c.IsValid) return c;
if (ImplicitConstantExpressionConversion(resolveResult, toType))
return Conversion.ImplicitConstantExpressionConversion;
c = StandardImplicitConversion(resolveResult.Type, toType);
if (c != Conversion.None) return c;
if (allowUserDefined) {
c = UserDefinedImplicitConversion(resolveResult, resolveResult.Type, toType);
if (c != Conversion.None) return c;
}
} else {
if (allowUserDefined) {
// if allowUserDefined is true, we might as well use the cache
c = ImplicitConversion(resolveResult.Type, toType);
} else {
c = ImplicitConversion(resolveResult.Type, toType, allowUserDefined);
}
if (c != Conversion.None) return c;
}
if (resolveResult.Type.Kind == TypeKind.Dynamic)
return Conversion.ImplicitDynamicConversion;
c = AnonymousFunctionConversion(resolveResult, toType);
if (c != Conversion.None) return c;
c = MethodGroupConversion(resolveResult, toType);
return c;
}
private Conversion ImplicitConversion(IType fromType, IType toType, bool allowUserDefined)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.1
var c = StandardImplicitConversion(fromType, toType);
if (c == Conversion.None && allowUserDefined) {
c = UserDefinedImplicitConversion(null, fromType, toType);
}
return c;
}
public Conversion ImplicitConversion(ResolveResult resolveResult, IType toType)
{
if (resolveResult == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("resolveResult");
return ImplicitConversion(resolveResult, toType, allowUserDefined: true);
}
public Conversion ImplicitConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
if (fromType == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("fromType");
if (toType == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("toType");
TypePair pair = new TypePair(fromType, toType);
Conversion c;
if (implicitConversionCache.TryGetValue(pair, out c))
return c;
c = ImplicitConversion(fromType, toType, allowUserDefined: true);
implicitConversionCache[pair] = c;
return c;
}
public Conversion StandardImplicitConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
if (fromType == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("fromType");
if (toType == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("toType");
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.3.1
if (IdentityConversion(fromType, toType))
return Conversion.IdentityConversion;
if (ImplicitNumericConversion(fromType, toType))
return Conversion.ImplicitNumericConversion;
Conversion c = ImplicitNullableConversion(fromType, toType);
if (c != Conversion.None)
return c;
if (NullLiteralConversion(fromType, toType))
return Conversion.NullLiteralConversion;
if (ImplicitReferenceConversion(fromType, toType, 0))
return Conversion.ImplicitReferenceConversion;
if (IsBoxingConversion(fromType, toType))
return Conversion.BoxingConversion;
if (ImplicitTypeParameterConversion(fromType, toType)) {
// Implicit type parameter conversions that aren't also
// reference conversions are considered to be boxing conversions
return Conversion.BoxingConversion;
}
if (ImplicitPointerConversion(fromType, toType))
return Conversion.ImplicitPointerConversion;
return Conversion.None;
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets whether the type 'fromType' is convertible to 'toType'
/// using one of the conversions allowed when satisying constraints (§4.4.4)
/// </summary>
public bool IsConstraintConvertible(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
if (fromType == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("fromType");
if (toType == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("toType");
if (IdentityConversion(fromType, toType))
return true;
if (ImplicitReferenceConversion(fromType, toType, 0))
return true;
if (NullableType.IsNullable(fromType)) {
// An 'object' constraint still allows nullable value types
// (object constraints don't exist in C#, but are inserted by DefaultResolvedTypeParameter.DirectBaseTypes)
if (toType.IsKnownType(KnownTypeCode.Object))
return true;
} else {
if (IsBoxingConversion(fromType, toType))
return true;
}
if (ImplicitTypeParameterConversion(fromType, toType))
return true;
return false;
}
#endregion
#region ExplicitConversion
public Conversion ExplicitConversion(ResolveResult resolveResult, IType toType)
{
if (resolveResult == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("resolveResult");
if (toType == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("toType");
if (resolveResult.Type.Kind == TypeKind.Dynamic)
return Conversion.ExplicitDynamicConversion;
Conversion c = ImplicitConversion(resolveResult, toType, allowUserDefined: false);
if (c != Conversion.None)
return c;
c = ExplicitConversionImpl(resolveResult.Type, toType);
if (c != Conversion.None)
return c;
return UserDefinedExplicitConversion(resolveResult, resolveResult.Type, toType);
}
public Conversion ExplicitConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
if (fromType == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("fromType");
if (toType == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("toType");
Conversion c = ImplicitConversion(fromType, toType, allowUserDefined: false);
if (c != Conversion.None)
return c;
c = ExplicitConversionImpl(fromType, toType);
if (c != Conversion.None)
return c;
return UserDefinedExplicitConversion(null, fromType, toType);
}
Conversion ExplicitConversionImpl(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// This method is called after we already checked for implicit conversions,
// so any remaining conversions must be explicit.
if (AnyNumericConversion(fromType, toType))
return Conversion.ExplicitNumericConversion;
if (ExplicitEnumerationConversion(fromType, toType))
return Conversion.EnumerationConversion(false, false);
Conversion c = ExplicitNullableConversion(fromType, toType);
if (c != Conversion.None)
return c;
if (ExplicitReferenceConversion(fromType, toType))
return Conversion.ExplicitReferenceConversion;
if (UnboxingConversion(fromType, toType))
return Conversion.UnboxingConversion;
c = ExplicitTypeParameterConversion(fromType, toType);
if (c != Conversion.None)
return c;
if (ExplicitPointerConversion(fromType, toType))
return Conversion.ExplicitPointerConversion;
return Conversion.None;
}
#endregion
#region Identity Conversion
/// <summary>
/// Gets whether there is an identity conversion from <paramref name="fromType"/> to <paramref name="toType"/>
/// </summary>
public bool IdentityConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.1.1
return fromType.AcceptVisitor(dynamicErasure).Equals(toType.AcceptVisitor(dynamicErasure));
}
readonly DynamicErasure dynamicErasure;
sealed class DynamicErasure : TypeVisitor
{
readonly IType objectType;
public DynamicErasure(CSharpConversions conversions)
{
this.objectType = conversions.objectType;
}
public override IType VisitOtherType(IType type)
{
if (type.Kind == TypeKind.Dynamic)
return objectType;
else
return base.VisitOtherType(type);
}
}
#endregion
#region Numeric Conversions
static readonly bool[,] implicitNumericConversionLookup = {
// to: short ushort int uint long ulong
// from:
/* char */ { false, true , true , true , true , true },
/* sbyte */ { true , false, true , false, true , false },
/* byte */ { true , true , true , true , true , true },
/* short */ { false, false, true , false, true , false },
/* ushort */ { false, false, true , true , true , true },
/* int */ { false, false, false, false, true , false },
/* uint */ { false, false, false, false, true , true },
};
bool ImplicitNumericConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.1.2
TypeCode from = ReflectionHelper.GetTypeCode(fromType);
TypeCode to = ReflectionHelper.GetTypeCode(toType);
if (to >= TypeCode.Single && to <= TypeCode.Decimal) {
// Conversions to float/double/decimal exist from all integral types,
// and there's a conversion from float to double.
return from >= TypeCode.Char && from <= TypeCode.UInt64
|| from == TypeCode.Single && to == TypeCode.Double;
} else {
// Conversions to integral types: look at the table
return from >= TypeCode.Char && from <= TypeCode.UInt32
&& to >= TypeCode.Int16 && to <= TypeCode.UInt64
&& implicitNumericConversionLookup[from - TypeCode.Char, to - TypeCode.Int16];
}
}
bool IsNumericType(IType type)
{
TypeCode c = ReflectionHelper.GetTypeCode(type);
return c >= TypeCode.Char && c <= TypeCode.Decimal;
}
bool AnyNumericConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.1.2 + §6.2.1
return IsNumericType(fromType) && IsNumericType(toType);
}
#endregion
#region Enumeration Conversions
Conversion ImplicitEnumerationConversion(ResolveResult rr, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.1.3
Debug.Assert(rr.IsCompileTimeConstant);
TypeCode constantType = ReflectionHelper.GetTypeCode(rr.Type);
if (constantType >= TypeCode.SByte && constantType <= TypeCode.Decimal && Convert.ToDouble(rr.ConstantValue) == 0) {
if (NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(toType).Kind == TypeKind.Enum) {
return Conversion.EnumerationConversion(true, NullableType.IsNullable(toType));
}
}
return Conversion.None;
}
bool ExplicitEnumerationConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.2.2
if (fromType.Kind == TypeKind.Enum) {
return toType.Kind == TypeKind.Enum || IsNumericType(toType);
} else if (IsNumericType(fromType)) {
return toType.Kind == TypeKind.Enum;
}
return false;
}
#endregion
#region Nullable Conversions
Conversion ImplicitNullableConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.1.4
if (NullableType.IsNullable(toType)) {
IType t = NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(toType);
IType s = NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(fromType); // might or might not be nullable
if (IdentityConversion(s, t))
return Conversion.ImplicitNullableConversion;
if (ImplicitNumericConversion(s, t))
return Conversion.ImplicitLiftedNumericConversion;
}
return Conversion.None;
}
Conversion ExplicitNullableConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.1.4
if (NullableType.IsNullable(toType) || NullableType.IsNullable(fromType)) {
IType t = NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(toType);
IType s = NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(fromType);
if (IdentityConversion(s, t))
return Conversion.ExplicitNullableConversion;
if (AnyNumericConversion(s, t))
return Conversion.ExplicitLiftedNumericConversion;
if (ExplicitEnumerationConversion(s, t))
return Conversion.EnumerationConversion(false, true);
}
return Conversion.None;
}
#endregion
#region Null Literal Conversion
bool NullLiteralConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.1.5
if (fromType.Kind == TypeKind.Null) {
return NullableType.IsNullable(toType) || toType.IsReferenceType == true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
#endregion
#region Implicit Reference Conversion
public bool IsImplicitReferenceConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
return ImplicitReferenceConversion(fromType, toType, 0);
}
bool ImplicitReferenceConversion(IType fromType, IType toType, int subtypeCheckNestingDepth)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.1.6
// reference conversions are possible:
// - if both types are known to be reference types
// - if both types are type parameters and fromType has a class constraint
// (ImplicitTypeParameterConversionWithClassConstraintOnlyOnT)
if (!(fromType.IsReferenceType == true && toType.IsReferenceType != false))
return false;
ArrayType fromArray = fromType as ArrayType;
if (fromArray != null) {
ArrayType toArray = toType as ArrayType;
if (toArray != null) {
// array covariance (the broken kind)
return fromArray.Dimensions == toArray.Dimensions
&& ImplicitReferenceConversion(fromArray.ElementType, toArray.ElementType, subtypeCheckNestingDepth);
}
// conversion from single-dimensional array S[] to IList<T>:
IType toTypeArgument = UnpackGenericArrayInterface(toType);
if (fromArray.Dimensions == 1 && toTypeArgument != null) {
// array covariance plays a part here as well (string[] is IList<object>)
return IdentityConversion(fromArray.ElementType, toTypeArgument)
|| ImplicitReferenceConversion(fromArray.ElementType, toTypeArgument, subtypeCheckNestingDepth);
}
// conversion from any array to System.Array and the interfaces it implements:
IType systemArray = compilation.FindType(KnownTypeCode.Array);
return ImplicitReferenceConversion(systemArray, toType, subtypeCheckNestingDepth);
}
// now comes the hard part: traverse the inheritance chain and figure out generics+variance
return IsSubtypeOf(fromType, toType, subtypeCheckNestingDepth);
}
/// <summary>
/// For IList{T}, ICollection{T}, IEnumerable{T} and IReadOnlyList{T}, returns T.
/// Otherwise, returns null.
/// </summary>
IType UnpackGenericArrayInterface(IType interfaceType)
{
ParameterizedType pt = interfaceType as ParameterizedType;
if (pt != null) {
switch (pt.GetDefinition()?.KnownTypeCode) {
case KnownTypeCode.IListOfT:
case KnownTypeCode.ICollectionOfT:
case KnownTypeCode.IEnumerableOfT:
case KnownTypeCode.IReadOnlyListOfT:
return pt.GetTypeArgument(0);
}
}
return null;
}
// Determines whether s is a subtype of t.
// Helper method used for ImplicitReferenceConversion, BoxingConversion and ImplicitTypeParameterConversion
bool IsSubtypeOf(IType s, IType t, int subtypeCheckNestingDepth)
{
// conversion to dynamic + object are always possible
if (t.Kind == TypeKind.Dynamic || t.Equals(objectType))
return true;
if (subtypeCheckNestingDepth > 10) {
// Subtyping in C# is undecidable
// (see "On Decidability of Nominal Subtyping with Variance" by Andrew J. Kennedy and Benjamin C. Pierce),
// so we'll prevent infinite recursions by putting a limit on the nesting depth of variance conversions.
// No real C# code should use generics nested more than 10 levels deep, and even if they do, most of
// those nestings should not involve variance.
return false;
}
// let GetAllBaseTypes do the work for us
foreach (IType baseType in s.GetAllBaseTypes()) {
if (IdentityOrVarianceConversion(baseType, t, subtypeCheckNestingDepth + 1))
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool IdentityOrVarianceConversion(IType s, IType t, int subtypeCheckNestingDepth)
{
ITypeDefinition def = s.GetDefinition();
if (def != null) {
if (!def.Equals(t.GetDefinition()))
return false;
ParameterizedType ps = s as ParameterizedType;
ParameterizedType pt = t as ParameterizedType;
if (ps != null && pt != null) {
// C# 4.0 spec: §13.1.3.2 Variance Conversion
for (int i = 0; i < def.TypeParameters.Count; i++) {
IType si = ps.GetTypeArgument(i);
IType ti = pt.GetTypeArgument(i);
if (IdentityConversion(si, ti))
continue;
ITypeParameter xi = def.TypeParameters[i];
switch (xi.Variance) {
case VarianceModifier.Covariant:
if (!ImplicitReferenceConversion(si, ti, subtypeCheckNestingDepth))
return false;
break;
case VarianceModifier.Contravariant:
if (!ImplicitReferenceConversion(ti, si, subtypeCheckNestingDepth))
return false;
break;
default:
return false;
}
}
} else if (ps != null || pt != null) {
return false; // only of of them is parameterized, or counts don't match? -> not valid conversion
}
return true;
} else {
// not type definitions? we still need to check for equal types (e.g. s and t might be type parameters)
return s.Equals(t);
}
}
#endregion
#region Explicit Reference Conversion
bool ExplicitReferenceConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.2.4
// test that the types are reference types:
if (toType.IsReferenceType != true)
return false;
if (fromType.IsReferenceType != true) {
// special case:
// converting from F to T is a reference conversion where T : class, F
// (because F actually must be a reference type as well, even though C# doesn't treat it as one)
if (fromType.Kind == TypeKind.TypeParameter)
return IsSubtypeOf(toType, fromType, 0);
return false;
}
if (toType.Kind == TypeKind.Array) {
ArrayType toArray = (ArrayType)toType;
if (fromType.Kind == TypeKind.Array) {
// Array covariance
ArrayType fromArray = (ArrayType)fromType;
if (fromArray.Dimensions != toArray.Dimensions)
return false;
return ExplicitReferenceConversion(fromArray.ElementType, toArray.ElementType);
}
IType fromTypeArgument = UnpackGenericArrayInterface(fromType);
if (fromTypeArgument != null && toArray.Dimensions == 1) {
return ExplicitReferenceConversion(fromTypeArgument, toArray.ElementType)
|| IdentityConversion(fromTypeArgument, toArray.ElementType);
}
// Otherwise treat the array like a sealed class - require implicit conversion in the opposite direction
return IsImplicitReferenceConversion(toType, fromType);
} else if (fromType.Kind == TypeKind.Array) {
ArrayType fromArray = (ArrayType)fromType;
IType toTypeArgument = UnpackGenericArrayInterface(toType);
if (toTypeArgument != null && fromArray.Dimensions == 1) {
return ExplicitReferenceConversion(fromArray.ElementType, toTypeArgument);
}
// Otherwise treat the array like a sealed class
return IsImplicitReferenceConversion(fromType, toType);
} else if (fromType.Kind == TypeKind.Delegate && toType.Kind == TypeKind.Delegate) {
ITypeDefinition def = fromType.GetDefinition();
if (def == null || !def.Equals(toType.GetDefinition()))
return false;
ParameterizedType ps = fromType as ParameterizedType;
ParameterizedType pt = toType as ParameterizedType;
if (ps == null || pt == null) {
// non-generic delegate - return true for the identity conversion
return ps == null && pt == null;
}
for (int i = 0; i < def.TypeParameters.Count; i++) {
IType si = ps.GetTypeArgument(i);
IType ti = pt.GetTypeArgument(i);
if (IdentityConversion(si, ti))
continue;
ITypeParameter xi = def.TypeParameters[i];
switch (xi.Variance) {
case VarianceModifier.Covariant:
if (!ExplicitReferenceConversion(si, ti))
return false;
break;
case VarianceModifier.Contravariant:
if (!(si.IsReferenceType == true && ti.IsReferenceType == true))
return false;
break;
default:
return false;
}
}
return true;
} else if (IsSealedReferenceType(fromType)) {
// If the source type is sealed, explicit conversions can't do anything more than implicit ones
return IsImplicitReferenceConversion(fromType, toType);
} else if (IsSealedReferenceType(toType)) {
// The the target type is sealed, there must be an implicit conversion in the opposite direction
return IsImplicitReferenceConversion(toType, fromType);
} else {
if (fromType.Kind == TypeKind.Interface || toType.Kind == TypeKind.Interface)
return true;
else
return IsImplicitReferenceConversion(toType, fromType)
|| IsImplicitReferenceConversion(fromType, toType);
}
}
bool IsSealedReferenceType(IType type)
{
TypeKind kind = type.Kind;
return kind == TypeKind.Class && type.GetDefinition().IsSealed
|| kind == TypeKind.Delegate || kind == TypeKind.Anonymous;
}
#endregion
#region Boxing Conversions
public bool IsBoxingConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.1.7
fromType = NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(fromType);
if (fromType.IsReferenceType == false && toType.IsReferenceType == true)
return IsSubtypeOf(fromType, toType, 0);
else
return false;
}
bool UnboxingConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.2.5
toType = NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(toType);
if (fromType.IsReferenceType == true && toType.IsReferenceType == false)
return IsSubtypeOf(toType, fromType, 0);
else
return false;
}
#endregion
#region Implicit Constant-Expression Conversion
bool ImplicitConstantExpressionConversion(ResolveResult rr, IType toType)
{
if (rr == null || !rr.IsCompileTimeConstant)
return false;
// C# 4.0 spec: §6.1.9
TypeCode fromTypeCode = ReflectionHelper.GetTypeCode(rr.Type);
TypeCode toTypeCode = ReflectionHelper.GetTypeCode(NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(toType));
if (fromTypeCode == TypeCode.Int64) {
long val = (long)rr.ConstantValue;
return val >= 0 && toTypeCode == TypeCode.UInt64;
} else if (fromTypeCode == TypeCode.Int32) {
object cv = rr.ConstantValue;
if (cv == null)
return false;
int val = (int)cv;
switch (toTypeCode) {
case TypeCode.SByte:
return val >= SByte.MinValue && val <= SByte.MaxValue;
case TypeCode.Byte:
return val >= Byte.MinValue && val <= Byte.MaxValue;
case TypeCode.Int16:
return val >= Int16.MinValue && val <= Int16.MaxValue;
case TypeCode.UInt16:
return val >= UInt16.MinValue && val <= UInt16.MaxValue;
case TypeCode.UInt32:
return val >= 0;
case TypeCode.UInt64:
return val >= 0;
}
}
return false;
}
#endregion
#region Conversions involving type parameters
/// <summary>
/// Implicit conversions involving type parameters.
/// </summary>
bool ImplicitTypeParameterConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
if (fromType.Kind != TypeKind.TypeParameter)
return false; // not a type parameter
if (fromType.IsReferenceType == true)
return false; // already handled by ImplicitReferenceConversion
return IsSubtypeOf(fromType, toType, 0);
}
Conversion ExplicitTypeParameterConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
if (toType.Kind == TypeKind.TypeParameter) {
// Explicit type parameter conversions that aren't also
// reference conversions are considered to be unboxing conversions
if (fromType.Kind == TypeKind.Interface || IsSubtypeOf(toType, fromType, 0))
return Conversion.UnboxingConversion;
} else {
if (fromType.Kind == TypeKind.TypeParameter && toType.Kind == TypeKind.Interface)
return Conversion.BoxingConversion;
}
return Conversion.None;
}
#endregion
#region Pointer Conversions
bool ImplicitPointerConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §18.4 Pointer conversions
if (fromType is PointerType && toType is PointerType && toType.ReflectionName == "System.Void*")
return true;
if (fromType.Kind == TypeKind.Null && toType is PointerType)
return true;
return false;
}
bool ExplicitPointerConversion(IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec: §18.4 Pointer conversions
if (fromType.Kind == TypeKind.Pointer) {
return toType.Kind == TypeKind.Pointer || IsIntegerType(toType);
} else {
return toType.Kind == TypeKind.Pointer && IsIntegerType(fromType);
}
}
bool IsIntegerType(IType type)
{
TypeCode c = ReflectionHelper.GetTypeCode(type);
return c >= TypeCode.SByte && c <= TypeCode.UInt64;
}
#endregion
#region User-Defined Conversions
/// <summary>
/// Gets whether type A is encompassed by type B.
/// </summary>
bool IsEncompassedBy(IType a, IType b)
{
return a.Kind != TypeKind.Interface && b.Kind != TypeKind.Interface && StandardImplicitConversion(a, b).IsValid;
}
bool IsEncompassingOrEncompassedBy(IType a, IType b)
{
return a.Kind != TypeKind.Interface && b.Kind != TypeKind.Interface
&& (StandardImplicitConversion(a, b).IsValid || StandardImplicitConversion(b, a).IsValid);
}
IType FindMostEncompassedType(IEnumerable<IType> candidates)
{
IType best = null;
foreach (var current in candidates) {
if (best == null || IsEncompassedBy(current, best))
best = current;
else if (!IsEncompassedBy(best, current))
return null; // Ambiguous
}
return best;
}
IType FindMostEncompassingType(IEnumerable<IType> candidates)
{
IType best = null;
foreach (var current in candidates) {
if (best == null || IsEncompassedBy(best, current))
best = current;
else if (!IsEncompassedBy(current, best))
return null; // Ambiguous
}
return best;
}
Conversion SelectOperator(IType mostSpecificSource, IType mostSpecificTarget, IList<OperatorInfo> operators, bool isImplicit, IType source, IType target)
{
var selected = operators.Where(op => op.SourceType.Equals(mostSpecificSource) && op.TargetType.Equals(mostSpecificTarget)).ToList();
if (selected.Count == 0)
return Conversion.None;
if (selected.Count == 1)
return Conversion.UserDefinedConversion(selected[0].Method, isLifted: selected[0].IsLifted, isImplicit: isImplicit, conversionBeforeUserDefinedOperator: ExplicitConversion(source, mostSpecificSource), conversionAfterUserDefinedOperator: ExplicitConversion(mostSpecificTarget, target));
int nNonLifted = selected.Count(s => !s.IsLifted);
if (nNonLifted == 1) {
var op = selected.First(s => !s.IsLifted);
return Conversion.UserDefinedConversion(op.Method, isLifted: op.IsLifted, isImplicit: isImplicit, conversionBeforeUserDefinedOperator: ExplicitConversion(source, mostSpecificSource), conversionAfterUserDefinedOperator: ExplicitConversion(mostSpecificTarget, target));
}
return Conversion.UserDefinedConversion(selected[0].Method, isLifted: selected[0].IsLifted, isImplicit: isImplicit, isAmbiguous: true, conversionBeforeUserDefinedOperator: ExplicitConversion(source, mostSpecificSource), conversionAfterUserDefinedOperator: ExplicitConversion(mostSpecificTarget, target));
}
Conversion UserDefinedImplicitConversion(ResolveResult fromResult, IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec §6.4.4 User-defined implicit conversions
var operators = GetApplicableConversionOperators(fromResult, fromType, toType, false);
if (operators.Count > 0) {
var mostSpecificSource = operators.Any(op => op.SourceType.Equals(fromType)) ? fromType : FindMostEncompassedType(operators.Select(op => op.SourceType));
if (mostSpecificSource == null)
return Conversion.UserDefinedConversion(operators[0].Method, isImplicit: true, isLifted: operators[0].IsLifted, isAmbiguous: true, conversionBeforeUserDefinedOperator: Conversion.None, conversionAfterUserDefinedOperator: Conversion.None);
var mostSpecificTarget = operators.Any(op => op.TargetType.Equals(toType)) ? toType : FindMostEncompassingType(operators.Select(op => op.TargetType));
if (mostSpecificTarget == null) {
if (NullableType.IsNullable(toType))
return UserDefinedImplicitConversion(fromResult, fromType, NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(toType));
else
return Conversion.UserDefinedConversion(operators[0].Method, isImplicit: true, isLifted: operators[0].IsLifted, isAmbiguous: true, conversionBeforeUserDefinedOperator: Conversion.None, conversionAfterUserDefinedOperator: Conversion.None);
}
var selected = SelectOperator(mostSpecificSource, mostSpecificTarget, operators, true, fromType, toType);
if (selected != Conversion.None) {
if (selected.IsLifted && NullableType.IsNullable(toType)) {
// Prefer A -> B -> B? over A -> A? -> B?
var other = UserDefinedImplicitConversion(fromResult, fromType, NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(toType));
if (other != Conversion.None)
return other;
}
return selected;
}
else if (NullableType.IsNullable(toType))
return UserDefinedImplicitConversion(fromResult, fromType, NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(toType));
else
return Conversion.None;
}
else {
return Conversion.None;
}
}
Conversion UserDefinedExplicitConversion(ResolveResult fromResult, IType fromType, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec §6.4.5 User-defined implicit conversions
var operators = GetApplicableConversionOperators(fromResult, fromType, toType, true);
if (operators.Count > 0) {
IType mostSpecificSource;
if (operators.Any(op => op.SourceType.Equals(fromType))) {
mostSpecificSource = fromType;
} else {
var operatorsWithSourceEncompassingFromType = operators.Where(op => IsEncompassedBy(fromType, op.SourceType) || ImplicitConstantExpressionConversion(fromResult, NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(op.SourceType))).ToList();
if (operatorsWithSourceEncompassingFromType.Any())
mostSpecificSource = FindMostEncompassedType(operatorsWithSourceEncompassingFromType.Select(op => op.SourceType));
else
mostSpecificSource = FindMostEncompassingType(operators.Select(op => op.SourceType));
}
if (mostSpecificSource == null)
return Conversion.UserDefinedConversion(operators[0].Method, isImplicit: false, isLifted: operators[0].IsLifted, isAmbiguous: true, conversionBeforeUserDefinedOperator: Conversion.None, conversionAfterUserDefinedOperator: Conversion.None);
IType mostSpecificTarget;
if (operators.Any(op => op.TargetType.Equals(toType)))
mostSpecificTarget = toType;
else if (operators.Any(op => IsEncompassedBy(op.TargetType, toType)))
mostSpecificTarget = FindMostEncompassingType(operators.Where(op => IsEncompassedBy(op.TargetType, toType)).Select(op => op.TargetType));
else
mostSpecificTarget = FindMostEncompassedType(operators.Select(op => op.TargetType));
if (mostSpecificTarget == null) {
if (NullableType.IsNullable(toType))
return UserDefinedExplicitConversion(fromResult, fromType, NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(toType));
else
return Conversion.UserDefinedConversion(operators[0].Method, isImplicit: false, isLifted: operators[0].IsLifted, isAmbiguous: true, conversionBeforeUserDefinedOperator: Conversion.None, conversionAfterUserDefinedOperator: Conversion.None);
}
var selected = SelectOperator(mostSpecificSource, mostSpecificTarget, operators, false, fromType, toType);
if (selected != Conversion.None) {
if (selected.IsLifted && NullableType.IsNullable(toType)) {
// Prefer A -> B -> B? over A -> A? -> B?
var other = UserDefinedImplicitConversion(fromResult, fromType, NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(toType));
if (other != Conversion.None)
return other;
}
return selected;
}
else if (NullableType.IsNullable(toType))
return UserDefinedExplicitConversion(fromResult, fromType, NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(toType));
else if (NullableType.IsNullable(fromType))
return UserDefinedExplicitConversion(null, NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(fromType), toType); // A? -> A -> B
else
return Conversion.None;
}
else {
return Conversion.None;
}
}
class OperatorInfo
{
public readonly IMethod Method;
public readonly IType SourceType;
public readonly IType TargetType;
public readonly bool IsLifted;
public OperatorInfo(IMethod method, IType sourceType, IType targetType, bool isLifted)
{
this.Method = method;
this.SourceType = sourceType;
this.TargetType = targetType;
this.IsLifted = isLifted;
}
}
List<OperatorInfo> GetApplicableConversionOperators(ResolveResult fromResult, IType fromType, IType toType, bool isExplicit)
{
// Find the candidate operators:
Predicate<IUnresolvedMethod> opFilter;
if (isExplicit)
opFilter = m => m.IsStatic && m.IsOperator && (m.Name == "op_Explicit" || m.Name == "op_Implicit") && m.Parameters.Count == 1;
else
opFilter = m => m.IsStatic && m.IsOperator && m.Name == "op_Implicit" && m.Parameters.Count == 1;
var operators = NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(fromType).GetMethods(opFilter)
.Concat(NullableType.GetUnderlyingType(toType).GetMethods(opFilter)).Distinct();
// Determine whether one of them is applicable:
List<OperatorInfo> result = new List<OperatorInfo>();
foreach (IMethod op in operators) {
IType sourceType = op.Parameters[0].Type;
IType targetType = op.ReturnType;
// Try if the operator is applicable:
bool isApplicable;
if (isExplicit) {
isApplicable = (IsEncompassingOrEncompassedBy(fromType, sourceType) || ImplicitConstantExpressionConversion(fromResult, sourceType))
&& IsEncompassingOrEncompassedBy(targetType, toType);
} else {
isApplicable = (IsEncompassedBy(fromType, sourceType) || ImplicitConstantExpressionConversion(fromResult, sourceType))
&& IsEncompassedBy(targetType, toType);
}
// Try if the operator is applicable in lifted form:
if (isApplicable) {
result.Add(new OperatorInfo(op, sourceType, targetType, false));
}
if (NullableType.IsNonNullableValueType(sourceType)) {
// An operator can be applicable in both lifted and non-lifted form in case of explicit conversions
IType liftedSourceType = NullableType.Create(compilation, sourceType);
IType liftedTargetType = NullableType.IsNonNullableValueType(targetType) ? NullableType.Create(compilation, targetType) : targetType;
if (isExplicit) {
isApplicable = IsEncompassingOrEncompassedBy(fromType, liftedSourceType)
&& IsEncompassingOrEncompassedBy(liftedTargetType, toType);
} else {
isApplicable = IsEncompassedBy(fromType, liftedSourceType) && IsEncompassedBy(liftedTargetType, toType);
}
if (isApplicable) {
result.Add(new OperatorInfo(op, liftedSourceType, liftedTargetType, true));
}
}
}
return result;
}
#endregion
#region AnonymousFunctionConversion
Conversion AnonymousFunctionConversion(ResolveResult resolveResult, IType toType)
{
// C# 5.0 spec §6.5 Anonymous function conversions
LambdaResolveResult f = resolveResult as LambdaResolveResult;
if (f == null)
return Conversion.None;
if (!f.IsAnonymousMethod) {
// It's a lambda, so conversions to expression trees exist
// (even if the conversion leads to a compile-time error, e.g. for statement lambdas)
toType = UnpackExpressionTreeType(toType);
}
IMethod d = toType.GetDelegateInvokeMethod();
if (d == null)
return Conversion.None;
IType[] dParamTypes = new IType[d.Parameters.Count];
for (int i = 0; i < dParamTypes.Length; i++) {
dParamTypes[i] = d.Parameters[i].Type;
}
IType dReturnType = d.ReturnType;
if (f.HasParameterList) {
// If F contains an anonymous-function-signature, then D and F have the same number of parameters.
if (d.Parameters.Count != f.Parameters.Count)
return Conversion.None;
if (f.IsImplicitlyTyped) {
// If F has an implicitly typed parameter list, D has no ref or out parameters.
foreach (IParameter p in d.Parameters) {
if (p.IsOut || p.IsRef)
return Conversion.None;
}
} else {
// If F has an explicitly typed parameter list, each parameter in D has the same type
// and modifiers as the corresponding parameter in F.
for (int i = 0; i < f.Parameters.Count; i++) {
IParameter pD = d.Parameters[i];
IParameter pF = f.Parameters[i];
if (pD.IsRef != pF.IsRef || pD.IsOut != pF.IsOut)
return Conversion.None;
if (!IdentityConversion(dParamTypes[i], pF.Type))
return Conversion.None;
}
}
} else {
// If F does not contain an anonymous-function-signature, then D may have zero or more parameters of any
// type, as long as no parameter of D has the out parameter modifier.
foreach (IParameter p in d.Parameters) {
if (p.IsOut)
return Conversion.None;
}
}
return f.IsValid(dParamTypes, dReturnType, this);
}
static IType UnpackExpressionTreeType(IType type)
{
ParameterizedType pt = type as ParameterizedType;
if (pt != null && pt.TypeParameterCount == 1 && pt.Name == "Expression" && pt.Namespace == "System.Linq.Expressions") {
return pt.GetTypeArgument(0);
} else {
return type;
}
}
#endregion
#region MethodGroupConversion
Conversion MethodGroupConversion(ResolveResult resolveResult, IType toType)
{
// C# 4.0 spec §6.6 Method group conversions
MethodGroupResolveResult rr = resolveResult as MethodGroupResolveResult;
if (rr == null)
return Conversion.None;
IMethod invoke = toType.GetDelegateInvokeMethod();
if (invoke == null)
return Conversion.None;
ResolveResult[] args = new ResolveResult[invoke.Parameters.Count];
for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) {
IParameter param = invoke.Parameters[i];
IType parameterType = param.Type;
if ((param.IsRef || param.IsOut) && parameterType.Kind == TypeKind.ByReference) {
parameterType = ((ByReferenceType)parameterType).ElementType;
args[i] = new ByReferenceResolveResult(parameterType, param.IsOut);
} else {
args[i] = new ResolveResult(parameterType);
}
}
var or = rr.PerformOverloadResolution(compilation, args, allowExpandingParams: false, allowOptionalParameters: false, conversions: this);
if (or.FoundApplicableCandidate) {
IMethod method = (IMethod)or.GetBestCandidateWithSubstitutedTypeArguments();
var thisRR = rr.TargetResult as ThisResolveResult;
bool isVirtual = method.IsOverridable && !(thisRR != null && thisRR.CausesNonVirtualInvocation);
bool isValid = !or.IsAmbiguous && IsDelegateCompatible(method, invoke, or.IsExtensionMethodInvocation);
bool delegateCapturesFirstArgument = or.IsExtensionMethodInvocation || !method.IsStatic;
if (isValid)
return Conversion.MethodGroupConversion(method, isVirtual, delegateCapturesFirstArgument);
else
return Conversion.InvalidMethodGroupConversion(method, isVirtual, delegateCapturesFirstArgument);
} else {
return Conversion.None;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets whether a <paramref name="method"/> is compatible with a delegate type.
/// §15.2 Delegate compatibility
/// </summary>
/// <param name="method">The method to test for compatibility</param>
/// <param name="delegateType">The delegate type</param>
public bool IsDelegateCompatible(IMethod method, IType delegateType)
{
if (method == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("method");
if (delegateType == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("delegateType");
IMethod invoke = delegateType.GetDelegateInvokeMethod();
if (invoke == null)
return false;
return IsDelegateCompatible(method, invoke, false);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets whether a method <paramref name="m"/> is compatible with a delegate type.
/// §15.2 Delegate compatibility
/// </summary>
/// <param name="m">The method to test for compatibility</param>
/// <param name="invoke">The invoke method of the delegate</param>
/// <param name="isExtensionMethodInvocation">Gets whether m is accessed using extension method syntax.
/// If this parameter is true, the first parameter of <paramref name="m"/> will be ignored.</param>
bool IsDelegateCompatible(IMethod m, IMethod invoke, bool isExtensionMethodInvocation)
{
if (m == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("m");
if (invoke == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("invoke");
int firstParameterInM = isExtensionMethodInvocation ? 1 : 0;
if (m.Parameters.Count - firstParameterInM != invoke.Parameters.Count)
return false;
for (int i = 0; i < invoke.Parameters.Count; i++) {
var pm = m.Parameters[firstParameterInM + i];
var pd = invoke.Parameters[i];
// ret/out must match
if (pm.IsRef != pd.IsRef || pm.IsOut != pd.IsOut)
return false;
if (pm.IsRef || pm.IsOut) {
// ref/out parameters must have same types
if (!pm.Type.Equals(pd.Type))
return false;
} else {
// non-ref/out parameters must have an identity or reference conversion from pd to pm
if (!IdentityConversion(pd.Type, pm.Type) && !IsImplicitReferenceConversion(pd.Type, pm.Type))
return false;
}
}
// check return type compatibility
return IdentityConversion(m.ReturnType, invoke.ReturnType)
|| IsImplicitReferenceConversion(m.ReturnType, invoke.ReturnType);
}
#endregion
#region BetterConversion
/// <summary>
/// Gets the better conversion (C# 4.0 spec, §7.5.3.3)
/// </summary>
/// <returns>0 = neither is better; 1 = t1 is better; 2 = t2 is better</returns>
public int BetterConversion(ResolveResult resolveResult, IType t1, IType t2)
{
LambdaResolveResult lambda = resolveResult as LambdaResolveResult;
if (lambda != null) {
if (!lambda.IsAnonymousMethod) {
t1 = UnpackExpressionTreeType(t1);
t2 = UnpackExpressionTreeType(t2);
}
IMethod m1 = t1.GetDelegateInvokeMethod();
IMethod m2 = t2.GetDelegateInvokeMethod();
if (m1 == null || m2 == null)
return 0;
if (m1.Parameters.Count != m2.Parameters.Count)
return 0;
IType[] parameterTypes = new IType[m1.Parameters.Count];
for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.Length; i++) {
parameterTypes[i] = m1.Parameters[i].Type;
if (!parameterTypes[i].Equals(m2.Parameters[i].Type))
return 0;
}
if (lambda.HasParameterList && parameterTypes.Length != lambda.Parameters.Count)
return 0;
IType ret1 = m1.ReturnType;
IType ret2 = m2.ReturnType;
if (ret1.Kind == TypeKind.Void && ret2.Kind != TypeKind.Void)
return 2;
if (ret1.Kind != TypeKind.Void && ret2.Kind == TypeKind.Void)
return 1;
IType inferredRet = lambda.GetInferredReturnType(parameterTypes);
int r = BetterConversion(inferredRet, ret1, ret2);
if (r == 0 && lambda.IsAsync) {
ret1 = UnpackTask(ret1);
ret2 = UnpackTask(ret2);
inferredRet = UnpackTask(inferredRet);
if (ret1 != null && ret2 != null && inferredRet != null)
r = BetterConversion(inferredRet, ret1, ret2);
}
return r;
} else {
return BetterConversion(resolveResult.Type, t1, t2);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Unpacks the generic Task[T]. Returns null if the input is not Task[T].
/// </summary>
static IType UnpackTask(IType type)
{
ParameterizedType pt = type as ParameterizedType;
if (pt != null && pt.TypeParameterCount == 1 && pt.Name == "Task" && pt.Namespace == "System.Threading.Tasks") {
return pt.GetTypeArgument(0);
}
return null;
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the better conversion (C# 4.0 spec, §7.5.3.4)
/// </summary>
/// <returns>0 = neither is better; 1 = t1 is better; 2 = t2 is better</returns>
public int BetterConversion(IType s, IType t1, IType t2)
{
bool ident1 = IdentityConversion(s, t1);
bool ident2 = IdentityConversion(s, t2);
if (ident1 && !ident2)
return 1;
if (ident2 && !ident1)
return 2;
return BetterConversionTarget(t1, t2);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the better conversion target (C# 4.0 spec, §7.5.3.5)
/// </summary>
/// <returns>0 = neither is better; 1 = t1 is better; 2 = t2 is better</returns>
int BetterConversionTarget(IType t1, IType t2)
{
bool t1To2 = ImplicitConversion(t1, t2).IsValid;
bool t2To1 = ImplicitConversion(t2, t1).IsValid;
if (t1To2 && !t2To1)
return 1;
if (t2To1 && !t1To2)
return 2;
TypeCode t1Code = ReflectionHelper.GetTypeCode(t1);
TypeCode t2Code = ReflectionHelper.GetTypeCode(t2);
if (IsBetterIntegralType(t1Code, t2Code))
return 1;
if (IsBetterIntegralType(t2Code, t1Code))
return 2;
return 0;
}
bool IsBetterIntegralType(TypeCode t1, TypeCode t2)
{
// signed types are better than unsigned types
switch (t1) {
case TypeCode.SByte:
return t2 == TypeCode.Byte || t2 == TypeCode.UInt16 || t2 == TypeCode.UInt32 || t2 == TypeCode.UInt64;
case TypeCode.Int16:
return t2 == TypeCode.UInt16 || t2 == TypeCode.UInt32 || t2 == TypeCode.UInt64;
case TypeCode.Int32:
return t2 == TypeCode.UInt32 || t2 == TypeCode.UInt64;
case TypeCode.Int64:
return t2 == TypeCode.UInt64;
default:
return false;
}
}
#endregion
}
}