ILSpy/ICSharpCode.Decompiler/IL/ILVariable.cs

#nullable enable
// Copyright (c) 2014 Daniel Grunwald
// 
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
// software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
// without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
// publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons
// to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
// substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
// INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;

using ICSharpCode.Decompiler.TypeSystem;

namespace ICSharpCode.Decompiler.IL
{
	public enum VariableKind
	{
		/// <summary>
		/// A local variable.
		/// </summary>
		Local,
		/// <summary>
		/// A pinned local variable (not associated with a pinned region)
		/// </summary>
		PinnedLocal,
		/// <summary>
		/// A pinned local variable (associated with a pinned region)
		/// </summary>
		PinnedRegionLocal,
		/// <summary>
		/// A local variable used as using-resource variable.
		/// </summary>
		UsingLocal,
		/// <summary>
		/// A local variable used as foreach variable.
		/// </summary>
		ForeachLocal,
		/// <summary>
		/// A local variable used inside an array, collection or
		/// object initializer block to denote the object being initialized.
		/// </summary>
		InitializerTarget,
		/// <summary>
		/// A parameter.
		/// </summary>
		Parameter,
		/// <summary>
		/// Variable created for exception handler.
		/// </summary>
		ExceptionStackSlot,
		/// <summary>
		/// Local variable used in a catch block.
		/// </summary>
		ExceptionLocal,
		/// <summary>
		/// Variable created from stack slot.
		/// </summary>
		StackSlot,
		/// <summary>
		/// Variable in BlockKind.CallWithNamedArgs
		/// </summary>
		NamedArgument,
		/// <summary>
		/// Local variable that holds the display class used for lambdas within this function.
		/// </summary>
		DisplayClassLocal,
		/// <summary>
		/// Local variable declared within a pattern match.
		/// </summary>
		PatternLocal,
		/// <summary>
		/// Temporary variable declared in a deconstruction init section.
		/// </summary>
		DeconstructionInitTemporary,
	}

	static class VariableKindExtensions
	{
		public static bool IsThis(this ILVariable v)
		{
			return v.Kind == VariableKind.Parameter && v.Index < 0;
		}

		public static bool IsLocal(this VariableKind kind)
		{
			switch (kind)
			{
				case VariableKind.Local:
				case VariableKind.ExceptionLocal:
				case VariableKind.ForeachLocal:
				case VariableKind.UsingLocal:
				case VariableKind.PatternLocal:
				case VariableKind.PinnedLocal:
				case VariableKind.PinnedRegionLocal:
				case VariableKind.DisplayClassLocal:
					return true;
				default:
					return false;
			}
		}
	}

	[DebuggerDisplay("{Name} : {Type}")]
	public class ILVariable
	{
		VariableKind kind;

		public VariableKind Kind {
			get {
				return kind;
			}
			internal set {
				if (kind == VariableKind.Parameter)
					throw new InvalidOperationException("Kind=Parameter cannot be changed!");
				if (Index != null && value.IsLocal() && !kind.IsLocal())
				{
					// For variables, Index has different meaning than for stack slots,
					// so we need to reset it to null.
					// StackSlot -> ForeachLocal can happen sometimes (e.g. PST.TransformForeachOnArray)
					Index = null;
				}
				kind = value;
			}
		}

		public readonly StackType StackType;

		IType type;
		public IType Type {
			get {
				return type;
			}
			internal set {
				if (value.GetStackType() != StackType)
					throw new ArgumentException($"Expected stack-type: {StackType} may not be changed. Found: {value.GetStackType()}");
				type = value;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// This variable is either a C# 7 'in' parameter or must be declared as 'ref readonly'.
		/// </summary>
		public bool IsRefReadOnly { get; internal set; }

		/// <summary>
		/// The index of the local variable or parameter (depending on Kind)
		/// 
		/// For VariableKinds with "Local" in the name:
		///  * if non-null, the Index refers to the LocalVariableSignature.
		///  * index may be null for variables that used to be fields (captured by lambda/async)
		/// For Parameters, the Index refers to the method's list of parameters.
		///   The special "this" parameter has index -1.
		/// For ExceptionStackSlot, the index is the IL offset of the exception handler.
		/// For other kinds, the index has no meaning, and is usually null.
		/// </summary>
		public int? Index { get; private set; }

		[Conditional("DEBUG")]
		internal void CheckInvariant()
		{
			switch (kind)
			{
				case VariableKind.Local:
				case VariableKind.ForeachLocal:
				case VariableKind.PatternLocal:
				case VariableKind.PinnedLocal:
				case VariableKind.PinnedRegionLocal:
				case VariableKind.UsingLocal:
				case VariableKind.ExceptionLocal:
				case VariableKind.DisplayClassLocal:
					// in range of LocalVariableSignature
					Debug.Assert(Index == null || Index >= 0);
					break;
				case VariableKind.Parameter:
					// -1 for the "this" parameter
					Debug.Assert(Index >= -1);
					Debug.Assert(Function == null || Index < Function.Parameters.Count);
					break;
				case VariableKind.ExceptionStackSlot:
					Debug.Assert(Index >= 0);
					break;
			}
		}

		public string? Name { get; set; }

		public bool HasGeneratedName { get; set; }

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets the function in which this variable is declared.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// This property is set automatically when the variable is added to the <c>ILFunction.Variables</c> collection.
		/// </remarks>
		public ILFunction? Function { get; internal set; }

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets the block container in which this variable is captured.
		/// For captured variables declared inside the loop, the capture scope is the BlockContainer of the loop.
		/// For captured variables declared outside of the loop, the capture scope is the BlockContainer of the parent function.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// This property returns null for variables that are not captured.
		/// </remarks>
		public BlockContainer? CaptureScope { get; internal set; }

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets the index of this variable within the <c>Function.Variables</c> collection.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// This property is set automatically when the variable is added to the <c>VariableScope.Variables</c> collection.
		/// It may change if an item with a lower index is removed from the collection.
		/// </remarks>
		public int IndexInFunction { get; internal set; }

		/// <summary>
		/// Number of ldloc instructions referencing this variable.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// This variable is automatically updated when adding/removing ldloc instructions from the ILAst.
		/// </remarks>
		public int LoadCount => LoadInstructions.Count;

		readonly List<LdLoc> loadInstructions = new List<LdLoc>();

		/// <summary>
		/// List of ldloc instructions referencing this variable.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// This list is automatically updated when adding/removing ldloc instructions from the ILAst.
		/// </remarks>
		public IReadOnlyList<LdLoc> LoadInstructions => loadInstructions;

		/// <summary>
		/// Number of store instructions referencing this variable,
		/// plus 1 if HasInitialValue.
		/// 
		/// Stores are:
		/// <list type="item">
		/// <item>stloc</item>
		/// <item>TryCatchHandler (assigning the exception variable)</item>
		/// <item>PinnedRegion (assigning the pointer variable)</item>
		/// <item>initial values (<see cref="UsesInitialValue"/>)</item>
		/// </list>
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// This variable is automatically updated when adding/removing stores instructions from the ILAst.
		/// </remarks>
		public int StoreCount => (usesInitialValue ? 1 : 0) + StoreInstructions.Count;

		readonly List<IStoreInstruction> storeInstructions = new List<IStoreInstruction>();

		/// <summary>
		/// List of store instructions referencing this variable.
		/// 
		/// Stores are:
		/// <list type="item">
		/// <item>stloc</item>
		/// <item>TryCatchHandler (assigning the exception variable)</item>
		/// <item>PinnedRegion (assigning the pointer variable)</item>
		/// <item>initial values (<see cref="UsesInitialValue"/>) -- however, there is no instruction for
		///       the initial value, so it is not contained in the store list.</item>
		/// </list>
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// This list is automatically updated when adding/removing stores instructions from the ILAst.
		/// </remarks>
		public IReadOnlyList<IStoreInstruction> StoreInstructions => storeInstructions;

		/// <summary>
		/// Number of ldloca instructions referencing this variable.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// This variable is automatically updated when adding/removing ldloca instructions from the ILAst.
		/// </remarks>
		public int AddressCount => AddressInstructions.Count;

		readonly List<LdLoca> addressInstructions = new List<LdLoca>();

		/// <summary>
		/// List of ldloca instructions referencing this variable.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// This list is automatically updated when adding/removing ldloca instructions from the ILAst.
		/// </remarks>
		public IReadOnlyList<LdLoca> AddressInstructions => addressInstructions;

		internal void AddLoadInstruction(LdLoc inst) => inst.IndexInLoadInstructionList = AddInstruction(loadInstructions, inst);
		internal void AddStoreInstruction(IStoreInstruction inst) => inst.IndexInStoreInstructionList = AddInstruction(storeInstructions, inst);
		internal void AddAddressInstruction(LdLoca inst) => inst.IndexInAddressInstructionList = AddInstruction(addressInstructions, inst);

		internal void RemoveLoadInstruction(LdLoc inst) => RemoveInstruction(loadInstructions, inst.IndexInLoadInstructionList, inst);
		internal void RemoveStoreInstruction(IStoreInstruction inst) => RemoveInstruction(storeInstructions, inst.IndexInStoreInstructionList, inst);
		internal void RemoveAddressInstruction(LdLoca inst) => RemoveInstruction(addressInstructions, inst.IndexInAddressInstructionList, inst);

		int AddInstruction<T>(List<T> list, T inst) where T : class, IInstructionWithVariableOperand
		{
			list.Add(inst);
			return list.Count - 1;
		}

		void RemoveInstruction<T>(List<T> list, int index, T? inst) where T : class, IInstructionWithVariableOperand
		{
			Debug.Assert(list[index] == inst);
			int indexToMove = list.Count - 1;
			list[index] = list[indexToMove];
			list[index].IndexInVariableInstructionMapping = index;
			list.RemoveAt(indexToMove);
		}

		bool initialValueIsInitialized;

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets/Sets whether the variable's initial value is initialized.
		/// This is always <c>true</c> for parameters (incl. <c>this</c>).
		/// 
		/// Normal variables have an initial value if the function uses ".locals init".
		/// </summary>
		public bool InitialValueIsInitialized {
			get { return initialValueIsInitialized; }
			set {
				if (Kind == VariableKind.Parameter && !value)
					throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot remove InitialValueIsInitialized from parameters");
				initialValueIsInitialized = value;
			}
		}

		bool usesInitialValue;

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets/Sets whether the initial value of the variable is used.
		/// This is always <c>true</c> for parameters (incl. <c>this</c>).
		/// 
		/// Normal variables use the initial value, if no explicit initialization is done.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// The following table shows the relationship between <see cref="InitialValueIsInitialized"/>
		/// and <see cref="UsesInitialValue"/>.
		/// <list type="table">
		/// <listheader>
		/// <term><see cref="InitialValueIsInitialized"/></term>
		/// <term><see cref="UsesInitialValue"/></term>
		/// <term>Meaning</term>
		/// </listheader>
		/// <item>
		/// <term><see langword="true" /></term>
		/// <term><see langword="true" /></term>
		/// <term>This variable's initial value is zero-initialized (<c>.locals init</c>) and the initial value is used.
		/// From C#'s point of view a the value <c>default(T)</c> is assigned at the site of declaration.</term>
		/// </item>
		/// <item>
		/// <term><see langword="true" /></term>
		/// <term><see langword="false" /></term>
		/// <term>This variable's initial value is zero-initialized (<c>.locals init</c>) and the initial value is not used.
		/// From C#'s point of view no implicit initialization occurs, because the code assigns a value
		/// explicitly, before the variable is first read.</term>
		/// </item>
		/// <item>
		/// <term><see langword="false" /></term>
		/// <term><see langword="true" /></term>
		/// <term>This variable's initial value is uninitialized (<c>.locals</c> without <c>init</c>) and the
		/// initial value is used.
		/// From C#'s point of view a call to <code>System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe.SkipInit(out T)</code>
		/// is generated after the declaration.</term>
		/// </item>
		/// <item>
		/// <term><see langword="false" /></term>
		/// <term><see langword="false" /></term>
		/// <term>This variable's initial value is uninitialized (<c>.locals</c> without <c>init</c>) and the
		/// initial value is not used.
		/// From C#'s point of view no implicit initialization occurs, because the code assigns a value
		/// explicitly, before the variable is first read.</term>
		/// </item>
		/// </list>
		/// </remarks>
		public bool UsesInitialValue {
			get { return usesInitialValue; }
			set {
				if (Kind == VariableKind.Parameter && !value)
					throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot remove UsesInitialValue from parameters");
				usesInitialValue = value;
			}
		}

		[Obsolete("Use 'UsesInitialValue' instead.")]
		public bool HasInitialValue {
			get => UsesInitialValue;
			set => UsesInitialValue = value;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets whether the variable is in SSA form:
		/// There is exactly 1 store, and every load sees the value from that store.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// Note: the single store is not necessary a store instruction, it might also
		/// be the use of the implicit initial value.
		/// For example: for parameters, IsSingleDefinition will only return true if
		/// the parameter is never assigned to within the function.
		/// </remarks>
		public bool IsSingleDefinition {
			get {
				return StoreCount == 1 && AddressCount == 0;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets whether the variable is dead - unused.
		/// </summary>
		public bool IsDead {
			get {
				return StoreInstructions.Count == 0
					&& LoadCount == 0
					&& AddressCount == 0;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// The field which was converted to a local variable.
		/// Set when the variable is from a 'yield return' or 'async' state machine.
		/// </summary>
		public IField? StateMachineField;

		/// <summary>
		/// If enabled, remove dead stores to this variable as if the "Remove dead code" option is enabled.
		/// </summary>
		internal bool RemoveIfRedundant;

		private bool hasNullCheck;

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets/sets whether a parameter has an auto-generated null check, i.e., the !! modifier.
		/// Returns false for all variables except parameters.
		/// </summary>
		public bool HasNullCheck {
			get => hasNullCheck;
			set {
				if (Kind != VariableKind.Parameter && value)
					throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot set HasNullCheck on local variables!");
				hasNullCheck = value;
			}
		}

		public ILVariable(VariableKind kind, IType type, int? index = null)
		{
			if (type == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(type));
			this.Kind = kind;
			this.type = type;
			this.StackType = type.GetStackType();
			this.Index = index;
			if (kind == VariableKind.Parameter)
			{
				this.InitialValueIsInitialized = true;
				this.UsesInitialValue = true;
			}
			CheckInvariant();
		}

		public ILVariable(VariableKind kind, IType type, StackType stackType, int? index = null)
		{
			if (type == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(type));
			this.Kind = kind;
			this.type = type;
			this.StackType = stackType;
			this.Index = index;
			if (kind == VariableKind.Parameter)
			{
				this.InitialValueIsInitialized = true;
				this.UsesInitialValue = true;
			}
			CheckInvariant();
		}

		public override string? ToString()
		{
			return Name;
		}

		internal void WriteDefinitionTo(ITextOutput output)
		{
			if (IsRefReadOnly)
			{
				output.Write("readonly ");
			}
			switch (Kind)
			{
				case VariableKind.Local:
					output.Write("local ");
					break;
				case VariableKind.PinnedLocal:
					output.Write("pinned local ");
					break;
				case VariableKind.PinnedRegionLocal:
					output.Write("PinnedRegion local ");
					break;
				case VariableKind.Parameter:
					output.Write("param ");
					break;
				case VariableKind.ExceptionLocal:
					output.Write("exception local ");
					break;
				case VariableKind.ExceptionStackSlot:
					output.Write("exception stack ");
					break;
				case VariableKind.StackSlot:
					output.Write("stack ");
					break;
				case VariableKind.InitializerTarget:
					output.Write("initializer ");
					break;
				case VariableKind.ForeachLocal:
					output.Write("foreach ");
					break;
				case VariableKind.UsingLocal:
					output.Write("using ");
					break;
				case VariableKind.NamedArgument:
					output.Write("named_arg ");
					break;
				case VariableKind.DisplayClassLocal:
					output.Write("display_class local ");
					break;
				case VariableKind.PatternLocal:
					output.Write("pattern local ");
					break;
				case VariableKind.DeconstructionInitTemporary:
					output.Write("deconstruction init temporary ");
					break;
				default:
					throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
			}
			output.WriteLocalReference(this.Name, this, isDefinition: true);
			output.Write(" : ");
			Type.WriteTo(output);
			output.Write('(');
			if (Kind == VariableKind.Parameter || Kind == VariableKind.Local || Kind == VariableKind.PinnedLocal || Kind == VariableKind.PinnedRegionLocal)
			{
				output.Write("Index={0}, ", Index);
			}
			output.Write("LoadCount={0}, AddressCount={1}, StoreCount={2})", LoadCount, AddressCount, StoreCount);
			if (Kind != VariableKind.Parameter)
			{
				if (initialValueIsInitialized)
				{
					output.Write(" init");
				}
				else
				{
					output.Write(" uninit");
				}
				if (usesInitialValue)
				{
					output.Write(" used");
				}
				else
				{
					output.Write(" unused");
				}
			}
			if (CaptureScope != null)
			{
				output.Write(" captured in ");
				output.WriteLocalReference(CaptureScope.EntryPoint?.Label, CaptureScope);
			}
			if (StateMachineField != null)
			{
				output.Write(" from state-machine");
			}
		}

		internal void WriteTo(ITextOutput output)
		{
			output.WriteLocalReference(this.Name, this);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets whether this variable occurs within the specified instruction.
		/// </summary>
		internal bool IsUsedWithin(ILInstruction inst)
		{
			if (inst is IInstructionWithVariableOperand iwvo && iwvo.Variable == this)
			{
				return true;
			}
			foreach (var child in inst.Children)
			{
				if (IsUsedWithin(child))
					return true;
			}
			return false;
		}
	}

	public interface IInstructionWithVariableOperand
	{
		ILVariable Variable { get; set; }
		int IndexInVariableInstructionMapping { get; set; }
	}

	public interface IStoreInstruction : IInstructionWithVariableOperand
	{
		int IndexInStoreInstructionList { get; set; }
	}

	interface ILoadInstruction : IInstructionWithVariableOperand
	{
		int IndexInLoadInstructionList { get; set; }
	}

	interface IAddressInstruction : IInstructionWithVariableOperand
	{
		int IndexInAddressInstructionList { get; set; }
	}

	public class ILVariableEqualityComparer : IEqualityComparer<ILVariable>
	{
		public static readonly ILVariableEqualityComparer Instance = new ILVariableEqualityComparer();

		public bool Equals(ILVariable? x, ILVariable? y)
		{
			if (x == y)
				return true;
			if (x == null || y == null)
				return false;
			if (x.Kind == VariableKind.StackSlot || y.Kind == VariableKind.StackSlot)
				return false;
			if (x.Kind == VariableKind.PatternLocal || y.Kind == VariableKind.PatternLocal)
				return false;
			if (!(x.Function == y.Function && x.Kind == y.Kind))
				return false;
			if (x.Index != null)
				return x.Index == y.Index;
			else if (x.StateMachineField != null)
				return x.StateMachineField.Equals(y.StateMachineField);
			else
				return false;
		}

		public int GetHashCode(ILVariable obj)
		{
			if (obj.Kind == VariableKind.StackSlot)
				return obj.GetHashCode();
			return (obj.Function, obj.Kind, obj.Index).GetHashCode();
		}
	}
}