// Copyright (c) 2011 AlphaSierraPapa for the SharpDevelop Team
// 
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
// software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
// without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
// publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons
// to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
// substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
// INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;

using Mono.Cecil.Cil;

namespace ICSharpCode.Decompiler.FlowAnalysis
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Detects the structure of the control flow (exception blocks and loops).
	/// </summary>
	public class ControlStructureDetector
	{
		public static ControlStructure DetectStructure(ControlFlowGraph g, IEnumerable<ExceptionHandler> exceptionHandlers, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
		{
			ControlStructure root = new ControlStructure(new HashSet<ControlFlowNode>(g.Nodes), g.EntryPoint, ControlStructureType.Root);
			// First build a structure tree out of the exception table
			DetectExceptionHandling(root, g, exceptionHandlers);
			// Then run the loop detection.
			DetectLoops(g, root, cancellationToken);
			return root;
		}
		
		#region Exception Handling
		static void DetectExceptionHandling(ControlStructure current, ControlFlowGraph g, IEnumerable<ExceptionHandler> exceptionHandlers)
		{
			// We rely on the fact that the exception handlers are sorted so that the innermost come first.
			// For each exception handler, we determine the nodes and substructures inside that handler, and move them into a new substructure.
			// This is always possible because exception handlers are guaranteed (by the CLR spec) to be properly nested and non-overlapping;
			// so they directly form the tree that we need.
			foreach (ExceptionHandler eh in exceptionHandlers) {
				var tryNodes = FindNodes(current, eh.TryStart, eh.TryEnd);
				current.Nodes.ExceptWith(tryNodes);
				ControlStructure tryBlock = new ControlStructure(
					tryNodes,
					g.Nodes.Single(n => n.Start == eh.TryStart),
					ControlStructureType.Try);
				tryBlock.ExceptionHandler = eh;
				MoveControlStructures(current, tryBlock, eh.TryStart, eh.TryEnd);
				current.Children.Add(tryBlock);
				
				if (eh.FilterStart != null) {
					var filterNodes = FindNodes(current, eh.FilterStart, eh.FilterEnd);
					current.Nodes.ExceptWith(filterNodes);
					ControlStructure filterBlock = new ControlStructure(
						filterNodes,
						g.Nodes.Single(n => n.Start == eh.HandlerStart),
						ControlStructureType.Filter);
					filterBlock.ExceptionHandler = eh;
					MoveControlStructures(current, filterBlock, eh.FilterStart, eh.FilterEnd);
					current.Children.Add(filterBlock);
				}
				
				var handlerNodes = FindNodes(current, eh.HandlerStart, eh.HandlerEnd);
				var handlerNode = current.Nodes.Single(n => n.ExceptionHandler == eh);
				handlerNodes.Add(handlerNode);
				if (handlerNode.EndFinallyOrFaultNode != null)
					handlerNodes.Add(handlerNode.EndFinallyOrFaultNode);
				current.Nodes.ExceptWith(handlerNodes);
				ControlStructure handlerBlock = new ControlStructure(
					handlerNodes,
					g.Nodes.Single(n => n.Start == eh.HandlerStart),
					ControlStructureType.Handler);
				handlerBlock.ExceptionHandler = eh;
				MoveControlStructures(current, handlerBlock, eh.HandlerStart, eh.HandlerEnd);
				current.Children.Add(handlerBlock);
			}
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Removes all nodes from start to end (exclusive) from this ControlStructure and moves them to the target structure.
		/// </summary>
		static HashSet<ControlFlowNode> FindNodes(ControlStructure current, Instruction startInst, Instruction endInst)
		{
			HashSet<ControlFlowNode> result = new HashSet<ControlFlowNode>();
			int start = startInst.Offset;
			int end = endInst.Offset;
			foreach (var node in current.Nodes.ToArray()) {
				if (node.Start != null && node.Start.Offset >= start && node.Start.Offset < end) {
					result.Add(node);
				}
			}
			return result;
		}
		
		static void MoveControlStructures(ControlStructure current, ControlStructure target, Instruction startInst, Instruction endInst)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < current.Children.Count; i++) {
				var child = current.Children[i];
				if (child.EntryPoint.Start.Offset >= startInst.Offset && child.EntryPoint.Start.Offset <= endInst.Offset) {
					current.Children.RemoveAt(i--);
					target.Children.Add(child);
					target.AllNodes.UnionWith(child.AllNodes);
				}
			}
		}
		#endregion
		
		#region Loop Detection
		// Loop detection works like this:
		// We find a top-level loop by looking for its entry point, which is characterized by a node dominating its own predecessor.
		// Then we determine all other nodes that belong to such a loop (all nodes which lead to the entry point, and are dominated by it).
		// Finally, we check whether our result conforms with potential existing exception structures, and create the substructure for the loop if successful.
		
		// This algorithm is applied recursively for any substructures (both detected loops and exception blocks)
		
		static void DetectLoops(ControlFlowGraph g, ControlStructure current, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
		{
			g.ResetVisited();
			cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
			FindLoops(current, current.EntryPoint);
			foreach (ControlStructure loop in current.Children)
				DetectLoops(g, loop, cancellationToken);
		}
		
		static void FindLoops(ControlStructure current, ControlFlowNode node)
		{
			if (node.Visited)
				return;
			node.Visited = true;
			if (current.Nodes.Contains(node)
			    && node.DominanceFrontier.Contains(node)
			    && !(node == current.EntryPoint && current.Type == ControlStructureType.Loop))
			{
				HashSet<ControlFlowNode> loopContents = new HashSet<ControlFlowNode>();
				FindLoopContents(current, loopContents, node, node);
				List<ControlStructure> containedChildStructures = new List<ControlStructure>();
				bool invalidNesting = false;
				foreach (ControlStructure childStructure in current.Children) {
					if (childStructure.AllNodes.IsSubsetOf(loopContents)) {
						containedChildStructures.Add(childStructure);
					} else if (childStructure.AllNodes.Intersect(loopContents).Any()) {
						invalidNesting = true;
					}
				}
				if (!invalidNesting) {
					current.Nodes.ExceptWith(loopContents);
					ControlStructure ctl = new ControlStructure(loopContents, node, ControlStructureType.Loop);
					foreach (ControlStructure childStructure in containedChildStructures) {
						ctl.Children.Add(childStructure);
						current.Children.Remove(childStructure);
						ctl.Nodes.ExceptWith(childStructure.AllNodes);
					}
					current.Children.Add(ctl);
				}
			}
			foreach (var edge in node.Outgoing) {
				FindLoops(current, edge.Target);
			}
		}
		
		static void FindLoopContents(ControlStructure current, HashSet<ControlFlowNode> loopContents, ControlFlowNode loopHead, ControlFlowNode node)
		{
			if (current.AllNodes.Contains(node) && loopHead.Dominates(node) && loopContents.Add(node)) {
				foreach (var edge in node.Incoming) {
					FindLoopContents(current, loopContents, loopHead, edge.Source);
				}
			}
		}
		#endregion
	}
	
	public enum ControlStructureType
	{
		/// <summary>
		/// The root block of the method
		/// </summary>
		Root,
		/// <summary>
		/// A nested control structure representing a loop.
		/// </summary>
		Loop,
		/// <summary>
		/// A nested control structure representing a try block.
		/// </summary>
		Try,
		/// <summary>
		/// A nested control structure representing a catch, finally, or fault block.
		/// </summary>
		Handler,
		/// <summary>
		/// A nested control structure representing an exception filter block.
		/// </summary>
		Filter
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	/// Represents the structure detected by the <see cref="ControlStructureDetector"/>.
	/// 
	/// This is a tree of ControlStructure nodes. Each node contains a set of CFG nodes, and every CFG node is contained in exactly one ControlStructure node.
	/// </summary>
	public class ControlStructure
	{
		public readonly ControlStructureType Type;
		public readonly List<ControlStructure> Children = new List<ControlStructure>();
		
		/// <summary>
		/// The nodes in this control structure.
		/// </summary>
		public readonly HashSet<ControlFlowNode> Nodes;
		
		/// <summary>
		/// The nodes in this control structure and in all child control structures.
		/// </summary>
		public readonly HashSet<ControlFlowNode> AllNodes;
		
		/// <summary>
		/// The entry point of this control structure.
		/// </summary>
		public readonly ControlFlowNode EntryPoint;
		
		/// <summary>
		/// The exception handler associated with this Try,Handler or Finally structure.
		/// </summary>
		public ExceptionHandler ExceptionHandler;
		
		public ControlStructure(HashSet<ControlFlowNode> nodes, ControlFlowNode entryPoint, ControlStructureType type)
		{
			this.Nodes = nodes;
			this.EntryPoint = entryPoint;
			this.Type = type;
			this.AllNodes = new HashSet<ControlFlowNode>(nodes);
		}
	}
}